Using these two indexes as dummy variables, interoperability), and finally, one that was leading in we grouped all global 4,053 as well as 1,260 terms of both ecosystem expansion and integration respondents in Europe into three groups. The across these ecosystems (companies with high first group, which had not improved Diversity interoperability). We then investigated how being in over the last two years, regardless of their each group correlates to measures of performance. Interoperability score, was named companies with low/no interoperability. The second group, which had improved Diversity but not improved Calculation of the its Interoperability was called companies Performance Difference with medium interoperability. The remaining Using the definitions above, we compared respondents, who had improved both their the difference in performance between these Diversity and Interoperability were named high three groups with metrics such as cost savings, interoperability. In Europe, each group had roughly revenue growth, employee productivity, and a third of the respondents (~33%, or ~400). In other how successful they have been at achieving words, we identified three equal sized groups business goals, such as reinventing customer of companies, one of which was in ecosystem experience and achieving efficiency in supply stasis (companies with low/no interoperability), chain operations. one that was expanding ecosystems but not improving integration (companies with medium Value untangled 29